The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari An interpretation based on Hindusism Essay Example

The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari: An interpretation based on Hindusism Essay Hinduism is one of the oldest religions of the world. It evolved in the Indian subcontinent over 5000 years ago and has a rich body of literature. Unlike monotheistic religions such as Christianity or Islam, Hinduism is polytheistic, with thousands of deities and gods being worshipped. Even in terms of ethnography and culture there is a rich diversity of Hindu expression. The sacred rituals and beliefs related to Hinduism vary across ethnic communities in India. The Hindu scriptures explain morality in the form of legends and myths. More than a religion per se, Hinduism can be looked at as a philosophical system. The key themes of this system are that of the interconnectedness of life, repercussions of good and bad deeds (karma), the temporariness of earthly existence and the aspiration toward liberation from it (moksha). Texts such as the Upanishads and epics such as Ramayana and Mahabaratha serve as mediums of this philosophic discourse. In Geeta Kothari’s short story the major theme is one of entrapment. She regrets the condition of her married life with Evan. She wonders morosely if she had erred by agreeing to marriage in the name of security and conformity. There are parallels to it in the Hindu conception of life, whereby, our present life carries forward and expiates the Karma accumulate from our previous life. In this cycle of birth and rebirth thus continues the one constant reality is that of suffering. Certainly Maya has a legitimate feeling of betrayal in her marriage, and she wonders why things had turned out this way. Hinduism’s answer to her pondering would be that she is presently suffering on account of the bad Karma she had acquired in previous incarnations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari: An interpretation based on Hindusism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari: An interpretation based on Hindusism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari: An interpretation based on Hindusism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While the Hindu idea of karma is deterministic, it does not promote fatalistic attitude. While the circumstances we find ourselves in are somewhat arbitrary, there is much we can alter about our future through the exercise of free will. Towards the end of the story Maya seems to realize this truth. She is seen to slowly make a resolution that she will henceforth be more faithful to her feelings and no more live in denial. Hindu spiritual practices in the form of yoga, dhyana and yagnya are deviced to alleviate our suffering by altering our natural state of ego-consciousness. By subjugating the impulses of the ego and attuning our senses toward cosmic consciousness we reach a state where suffering ceases. It is called in Sanskrit as mukthi. Maya’s project of self-actualization is not articulated in such esoteric Hindu philosophic terms. But hers is a project of great import in the context of the constricting and adversarial reality her marriage has turned out to be. In my own experience I’ve faced issues of melancholy in the past. In the early days, I used to feel very let down and feel victimized. But slowly I realized that remorse and helplessness lead us nowhere. I then started undergoing an attitudinal change in two aspects. First I trained myself to accept difficulties as part of life. Second I trained myself to proactively mitigate adversities. As a result I can claim that I am a much happier person now than I was a few years back. The important thing is that my circumstances have not drastically changed but my outlook and behaviour has changed. And it has made a world of difference. In this regard I share the same spirit of Maya. Between me and her, we share the Hindu philosophic outlook to addressing problems, although it took us both some time to make this transition. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions of the world. It evolved in the Indian subcontinent over 5000 years ago and has a rich body of literature. Unlike monotheistic religions such as Christianity or Islam, Hinduism is polytheistic, with thousands of deities and gods being worshipped. Even in terms of ethnography and culture there is a rich diversity of Hindu expression. The sacred rituals and beliefs related to Hinduism vary across ethnic communities in India. The Hindu scriptures explain morality in the form of legends and myths. More than a religion per se, Hinduism can be looked at as a philosophical system. The key themes of this system are that of the interconnectedness of life, repercussions of good and bad deeds (karma), the temporariness of earthly existence and the aspiration toward liberation from it (moksha). Texts such as the Upanishads and epics such as Ramayana and Mahabaratha serve as mediums of this philosophic discourse. In Geeta Kothari’s short story the .

The Role of FDI of Economic Growth of The Host Economy The WritePass Journal

The Role of FDI of Economic Growth of The Host Economy The Role of FDI of Economic Growth of The Host Economy } De Mello, L.R., 1999. FDI-led growth: evidence from time series and panel data, Oxford Economic Papers, 51: 133-151. De Mello, L.R. and K. Fukasaku, 2000. â€Å"Trade and FDI in Latin America and Southeast Asia: temporal causality analysis†, Journal of International Development, 7: 903-924. Djankov, S. and B. Hoekman, 1999. â€Å"Foreign investment and productivity growth in Czech enterprises†, World Bank Economic Review, 14: 49-64. Eden, L., 1998. Taxing multinationals: transfer pricing and corporate income taxation in North America. University of Toronto press. Fortanier, F., 2007. â€Å"Foreign direct investment and host country economic growth: does the investors country of origin play a role?† Transnational corporations, Vol. 16 (2). Available from unctad.org/en/docs/iteiit20072a2_en.pdf { Accessed 2nd January 2012} Gopinath, M., and W. Chen, 2003. â€Å"Foreign Direct Investment and Wages: a Cross-CountryAnalysis†, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 12(3):285-309. Ikiara, M.M., 2003. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Technology Transfer, and Poverty Alleviation: Africa’s Hopes and Dilemma. African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) Special Paper Series No. 16. IMF, 1993. Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition, Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund Kawai, H., 1994. â€Å"International comparative analysis of economic growth: trade liberalization and productivity†,In: The Developing Economies, 17(4): 373-397. McIntyre, J., R. Narula, and L. Trevino, 1996. â€Å"The role of export processing zones for host countries and multinationals: a mutually beneficial relationship?† The International Trade Journal, 10(4): 435-466. Mencinger, J., 2003. â€Å"Does foreign direct investment always enhance economic growth?† Kyklos, 56(4): 491-508. Nunnenkamp, P., 2002. â€Å"FDI and Economic Growth in developing Countries†. Journal of world Investment, Vol. 3, in print OECD, 1998. Open Markets Matter: The benefits of trade and investment liberalization, Paris: OECD. Pavlinek, P., 2004. â€Å"Regional development implications of foreign direct investment in Central Europe†. In: European Urban and Regional Studies. Vol. 11 (1). pp. 47-70. Safarian, A.E, 1999. Host country policies towards inward foreign investment in the 1950s and 1990s, Transnational Corporations ¸.8 (2). Sjà ¶holm, F., 1997b. â€Å"Productivity growth in Indonesia: the role of regional characteristics and direct foreign investment†. In: Economic Development and Cultural Changes, 47: 559-584. Velde, D.W., 2001. Policies towards foreign direct investment in developing countries: emerging best-practices and outstanding issues. London: Overseas Development Institute Xu, B., 2000. â€Å"Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host country productivity growth†, Journal of Development Economics, 62: 477-493.

How Brand Awareness Can Gain Competitive Advantage To Companies A Case Dissertation

How Brand Awareness Can Gain Competitive Advantage To Companies A Case Study Of Coca Cola Company In UK - Dissertation Example This dissertation focuses on the Coca-cola company that is a competitive brand and its use of marketing techniques seems to be a bullet proof formula for success. Therefore the intention of this dissertation is to identify exactly how coca-cola uses brand awareness to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. This is extremely important in terms of emerging markets like the technology sector. If companies can identify exactly how to imitate the coca-cola method to brand awareness, then they will be able to capture a leading position within the category. The researcher of this dissertation discusses various aims and objectives of this work, such as: to identify the tactics used by Coca-Cola to maximize its brand awareness, to critically evaluate the methods used by Coca-Cola within the context of the â€Å"22 Immutable Laws of Marketing† by Al Ries and Jack Trout, to Compare and Contrast the methods used by Coca-Cola and Pepsi, to identify other sectors that may benefi t from mimicking Cola’s marketing platform and to identify areas where Coke may be vulnerable. In conclusion, the researcher tries to explore the consumer aptitude regarding the efficacy of Coca-Cola branding campaign. This will help us determine how individuals perceive the brand, where they developed those perceptions, and how likely their perceptions are to change. After analyzing how consumers feel about the brand, the researcher states that he will be able to developed a formula for brand efficiency.